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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Phoenicia
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1992-09-02
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Ancient Greek name for N Canaan on the E
coast of the Mediterranean. The Phoenicians
lived about 1200-332 BC. Seafaring traders
and artisans, they are said to have
circumnavigated Africa and established
colonies in Cyprus, N Africa (for example
Carthage), Malta, Sicily, and Spain. Their
cities (Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos were the main
ones) were independent states ruled by
hereditary kings but dominated by merchant
ruling classes. The fall of Tyre to Alexander
the Great ended the separate history of
Phoenicia. The Phoenicians occupied the
seaboard of Lebanon and Syria, N of Mount
Carmel. Their exports included Tyrian purple
dye and cloth, furniture (from the timber of
Lebanon), and jewellery. Documents found 1929
at Ugarit on the Syrian coast give much
information on their civilization; their
deities included Baal, Astarte or Ishtar, and
Moloch. Competition from the colonies
combined with attacks by the Sea Peoples, the
Assyrians, and the Greeks on the cities in
Phoenicia led to their ultimate decline.